Which congenital condition is characterized by complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?

• A. Eczema
• B. Albinism
• C. Melanoma
• D. Rosacea

Answer: (B)

The concept here is pigment production and how it shapes appearance from birth. The condition described is albinism, a congenital disorder characterized by little or no melanin production in the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin gives color to these tissues, and when its production is absent or severely reduced, the skin and hair appear very light and the irises are pale, often with vision problems due to the lack of pigment affecting retinal development. This fits albinism rather than eczema (an inflammatory skin condition), melanoma (a cancer of pigment-producing cells), or rosacea (a chronic facial redness condition), none of which involve a congenital absence of pigment.